There are chemicals and then there are “forever chemicals,” the name given to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS. They don’t easily break down in the environment or in our bodies.
What are PFAS?
PFAS is a broad group of synthetic chemicals used since the 1950s. They make products greaseproof, waterproof, stain-resistant, and stick-proof. PFAS are found in items like pizza boxes, makeup, carpets, and waterproof clothing. They also contaminate drinking water and food, accumulating in humans and animals over time. Exposure has been linked to health issues, including potential impacts on bone health.
How prevalent are PFAS?
There are about 4,700 known PFAS chemicals. The CDC’s National Exposure Report found PFAS in nearly every American’s blood. In Canada, exposure is almost universal but slightly lower, with levels decreasing over time due to regulation changes.
How are we exposed to PFAS?
People mainly encounter PFAS through contaminated water or food, products made with PFAS, or breathing air near manufacturing sites. PFAS can contaminate drinking water sources, and accumulate in fish, shellfish, livestock, and game animals. Once in the body, PFAS persist even after exposure stops, though blood levels may decrease over time.
What about children?
Children are more vulnerable because they breathe more, eat more, and crawl on floors, increasing exposure risks from dust, toys, and household products. Infants can be exposed via breast milk, contaminated formula, or in utero during pregnancy.
What are the dangers of exposure?
PFAS exposure is linked to health issues such as:
– Reproductive effects like decreased fertility and high blood pressure in pregnant women
– Developmental delays, low birth weight, behavioral changes
– Increased risk of cancers (prostate, kidney, testicular)
– Weakened immune response
– Hormonal interference
– Elevated cholesterol
– Obesity risk
How do PFAS affect bones?
Emerging evidence links PFAS to lower bone mineral density, which can lead to osteoporosis. Bone density peaks between 20-30 years and declines with age. Studies show PFAS exposure may reduce bone density in adolescents. To mitigate risk, avoiding nonstick pans and PFAS-containing personal care products, along with staying active and maintaining a healthy weight, may help protect bone health.
By Joanne Peters