How to manage a sore throat
Gargling with salt water hourly at the first sign may help reduce pain and inflammation. Stay home if sick, avoid irritants, and use a cool mist vaporizer if dry air worsens symptoms. Keep hydrated and rest. Warm drinks like tea with honey can soothe the throat.
Viral or bacterial?
Most sore throats—about 90 percent—are caused by viruses. Viral infections often accompany symptoms like runny nose and cough, while bacterial infections tend to be more painful and may cause fever and swollen lymph nodes. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat, require a swab and possibly antibiotics. It’s important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis, as antibiotics only work against bacterial infections and do not treat viruses.
Using antibiotics unnecessarily can pose health risks. They can cause side effects like rash, nausea, diarrhea, and yeast infections, and more serious issues include <Clostridioides diffcile> infection (also known as C. diffcile or C. diff), which causes diarrhea that can lead to severe colon damage. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics also contributes to antibiotic resistance, a growing global health concern. Bacteria that become resistant no longer respond to these drugs, making infections harder to treat. The World Health Organization reports that antimicrobial resistance was responsible for over 1.27 million deaths worldwide in 2019.
Most sore throats will resolve on their own with home care. Seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, last more than two days, or if you notice white or red patches on your tonsils, a high fever, swollen lymph nodes, or a rash.
Prevention tips
Supporting a healthy immune system through a diet rich in whole foods, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can help prevent sore throats. Good hygiene practices, especially frequent handwashing, are essential to avoid catching or spreading infections.
By Joanne Peters
